Genetic Code: Four-Codon and Non-Four-Codon Degeneracy

In this work it is shown that 20 canonical amino acids (AAs) within genetic code appear to be a whole system with strict distinction in Genetic Code Table (GCT) into some different quantums: 20, 23, 61 amino acid molecules. These molecules distinction is followed by specific balanced atom number and/or nucleon number distinctions within those molecules. One of the most important question that has been made since creation of Genetic Code Table (GCT) (Crick, 1966, 1968) is the question of degeneration of the genetic code itself. Even then Rumer has noticed (Rumer, 1966) that the key aspect of degeneration could be found in the codon clasification (and corresponding amino acids, AAs) according to the degeneration of type IV, when all four codons have the same aminoacidity meaning, and to the degeneration of type non-IV or type I-II-III. Bearing in mind those facts, Scherbak has shown (Shcherbak, 1994) that classification of AAs into four-codon and non-four-codon AAs is followed by a specific balance of nucleons number, expressed by multiplying the number 037, which is named as Prime quantum (PQ). It has been showen that this trend exists when calculation is performed with 8 AAs from eight quarter "cells" with codons of the same aminoacidity meaning and 15 AAs from eight also quarter "cells" but with codons of different aminoacidity meaning; all this, in total, is 23 amino acid molecules (Table 1 in relation to Table 2). [Remark 1: It is important here to notice the existance of two principes: the principle of continuity and the principle of minimum change, 1 For 4-letter alphabet the key distinction must be the degeneration of the type IV and non-IV; for the 5-letter alphabet the type V and non-V, etc.